The importance of vaccines for children

Vaccines are one of the most effective ways to protect children from serious, preventable illnesses. Over time, vaccines have greatly reduced diseases that once caused severe illness and even death in some infants and children.

“Vaccination is one of the best tools we have to prevent serious disease in children,” says Jeffrey Kahn, M.D., Director of Infectious Disease at Children’s Health℠. “Decades of research show vaccines are safe, and the protection they provide far outweighs any potential side effects.”

Why are vaccines important for children?

Vaccines are important because they protect babies and children from serious diseases at a time when their immune systems are still developing and they are most vulnerable to infection.

In the first weeks of life, babies get some protection from their mother before birth. But this protection fades quickly, leaving infants at risk for serious illnesses. Vaccines help protect them during this early stage and continue to build their immunity, giving children strong protection as they grow.

How do vaccines work?

Vaccines help "train" your child's immune system to recognize and fight viruses and bacteria. They do this by exposing the immune system to a small, safe amount of weakened or inactive germs.

If your child is exposed to that germ later, their immune system is better prepared to respond. As a result, vaccinated children are less likely to get sick, and if they do, the illness is often milder.

Are vaccines safe for children?

Yes, vaccines are safe for children. Decades of research show that vaccines are both safe and highly effective in preventing serious disease.

Most children experience only mild side effects, such as soreness at the injection site, fussiness or a temporary decrease in appetite. More significant reactions, such as fever or vomiting, are uncommon.

Severe reactions are especially rare. These may include high fever, seizures or allergic reactions.

Most mild symptoms can be managed at home with an aspirin-free pain reliever. If your child experiences symptoms that concern you, contact your pediatrician.

Do vaccines cause autism?

Extensive research has found no link between vaccines and autism. “There is no scientific or medical evidence that supports vaccines causing autism,” says Dr. Kahn. “Multiple studies have shown no causal link.”

Avoiding vaccines because of this myth can put children at risk for serious illnesses such as measles, whooping cough or influenza – all of which can lead to severe complications.

Which vaccines are recommended for children?

Vaccines are recommended at different stages to protect against serious, preventable diseases. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) childhood immunization schedule outlines which vaccines are recommended and when they are typically given. These recommendations are designed to offer the best protection at the right times in a child’s development.

If you have questions or concerns about which vaccines your child should receive and when, your pediatrician can help. If you’re pregnant and have questions about vaccines for you or your baby, your OB-GYN is also a great resource.

Did the childhood vaccine schedule change?

In early 2026, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated how vaccines are categorized within the childhood schedule

The CDC now groups childhood vaccinations in three categories:

• Immunizations recommended for all children

• Immunizations recommended for certain high-risk groups

• Immunizations based on shared clinical decision-making

Children can still receive all previously recommended vaccines. We recommend the AAP childhood vaccination schedule because it offers the most protection. If you have questions about what these updates mean for your child, your pediatrician can review the schedule with you and help guide your decision.

Is it safe to delay vaccines for children?

We do not recommend delaying vaccines or spacing out doses. Delaying or spacing out vaccines can leave children unprotected at ages when they are most vulnerable to serious illness.

Find care for your child

Children's Health Primary Care offers comprehensive health care for children from birth through young adulthood. Our pediatricians combine quality care with evidence-based practice to meet your child’s medical needs. Learn more and find a pediatrician.